Left and right raster correction

ABSTRACT

A video display having raster correction comprises a cathode ray tube with a deflection coil mounted thereon for raster generation. A deflection amplifier is coupled to the deflection coil for generating a deflection current therein. A corrective waveform modulator is coupled to the deflection amplifier for generating a first corrective current in the deflection coil. An auxiliary coil is mounted on the cathode ray tube for raster correction. An auxiliary coil drive amplifier is coupled to the auxiliary coil for generating a second corrective current in the auxiliary coil. A first corrective signal is coupled to the waveform modulator for generating raster correction at a first raster edge and a second corrective signal is coupled to said auxiliary coil drive amplifier for generating raster correction at an edge opposite the first raster edge.

This invention relates to the field of video display, and in particular to the generation of deflection waveform correction signals for a cathode ray tube display.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Manufacturing cost and production cost considerations may dictate that a direct view television receiver design be utilized to form the basis of a projection display receiver. Such a projection display receiver design is predicated upon minimum changes to the basic receiver design such that manufacturing, test and alignment procedures are essentially unchanged.

In a projection type video display, the raster distortions associated with a direct view display may be exacerbated by the use of a curved face plate CRT and the magnification inherent in the optical projection path. The use of a curved face plate CRT may offer benefits in a reduction of projection path length, and may also enable optical imaging simplification.

The use of an auxiliary deflection correction coil is known in projection display apparatus, it is also known that independent control of raster edges be provided. However, the combination of direct view deflection waveform correction, and the requirement to achieve more stringent convergence specifications associated with a projected raster result in the application of inventive deflection correction methods.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A video display having raster correction comprises a cathode ray tube with a deflection coil mounted thereon for raster generation. A deflection amplifier is coupled to the deflection coil for generating a deflection current therein. A corrective waveform modulator is coupled to the deflection amplifier for generating a first corrective current in the deflection coil. An auxiliary coil is mounted on the cathode ray tube for raster correction. An auxiliary coil drive amplifier is coupled to the auxiliary coil for generating a second corrective current in the auxiliary coil. A first corrective signal is coupled to the waveform modulator for generating a raster edge straightening correction at a first raster edge and a second corrective signal is coupled to said auxiliary coil drive amplifier for generating raster correction at an edge opposite the first raster edge.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a CRT projection video display including inventive features.

FIGS. 2A to 2J show rasters depicting various distortions, and various corrective signal waveforms.

FIG. 3 illustrates circuitry contained in FIG. 1 for generating a corrective signal shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 illustrates inventive circuitry contained in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A cathode ray tube projection type video display is depicted in FIG. 1. Three cathode ray tubes are mechanically arranged, and optically coupled, to project images from CRT phosphor display surfaces on to a screen. A video signal is input at terminal A and is coupled to a chrominance separation circuit which extracts coloring signals, for example, red, green, and blue for coupling to an appropriate CRT for display. The input signal is also coupled to a sync separator which separates horizontal and vertical synchronizing pulses for coupling to synchronize a horizontal oscillator and deflection generator and a vertical oscillator and deflection generator. The vertical deflection amplifier is coupled to the vertical deflection coils which are series connected. The horizontal deflection generator is coupled to horizontal deflection coils which are connected in parallel. Horizontal deflection waveform correction signals are coupled to a diode modulator which provides correction in all three rasters.

The additional geometrical correction required for projection display is provided by auxiliary deflection coils which provide both horizontal and vertical deflection correction in each CRT. The horizontal auxiliary deflection coils are driven by individual amplifiers each having multiple controls for adjustment of correction signal amplitude. Certain correction waveforms are generated to provide correction only in the area of a specific raster edge, and these have a duration of less than a trace period. The main horizontal deflection generator produces horizontal deflection and in addition provides master horizontal waveform correction, for example, pincushion and trapezium correction in all three rasters. However, the master pincushion and trapezium controls, although active over the whole horizontal raster, are adjusted to specifically correct one raster edge, for example the right hand side. FIG. 2 (J) is an exemplary depiction of the green raster or display image, and indicates that the master trapezium and pincushion corrections are applied by the horizontal deflection coil and are optimized at the right hand side RHS. The left hand side LHS, of the raster or display is adjusted in each individual CRT by corrective currents generated in the horizontal auxiliary deflection coils. These auxiliary deflection currents provide for example, linearity, pincushion and trapezium correction which is operable over a limited raster area. Hence, horizontal raster correction is achieved by a combination of corrective currents applied in both the main and auxiliary deflection coils.

A video display signal is coupled to terminal A which feeds a chrominance processor 40 and a synchronizing pulse separator 20. Chrominance processor 40 extracts coloring signals form the display signal, for example red R, green G, and blue B, which are coupled to the CRT of the appropriate color. The synchronizing pulse separator 20, extracts from the input display signal, horizontal and vertical synchronizing pulses. The separated horizontal sync pulses H, are coupled to the horizontal oscillator and deflection amplifier 70, for synchronization. The vertical sync pulses are coupled to synchronize the vertical deflection generator 80. The vertical deflection generator includes a deflection amplifier which is coupled to vertical deflection coils of each CRT, which are connected in series. A deflection current sample Is, a vertical rate sawtooth signal, is coupled from the deflection amplifier 80, to a waveform generator 10. A vertical retrace pulse VRT, generated by deflection amplifier 80 is coupled to pulse and waveform generator 30. Waveform generator 10 processes the vertical sawtooth waveform Is, to generate a parabolic shaped signal for pincushion correction. The vertical sawtooth waveform Is, is also coupled via a control TRAP, to provide a trapezium correction component in the pincushion correction signal. The output signal from waveform generator 10, comprises a parabolic signal C1, having a vertical rate sawtooth component which is coupled via an amplitude control PIN. The composite pincushion and trapezium correction signal is advantageously coupled to a summing and waveform shaping amplifier 50, which combines the composite pincushion and trapezium correction signal C1, with a width determining DC component. The summing and waveform shaping amplifier 50, advantageously employs frequency sensitive feedback via capacitor Cs, which is chosen to generate a further correction component which is added to the composite correction waveform. FIG. 2 (C) shows a raster corrected for both pincushion and trapezium distortion but displaying a vertical rate S or sinusoidal shaped horizontal line length error. FIG. 2 (D) shows a corrected raster including the corrective effect advantageously produced by processing the parabolic pincushion correction signal in amplifier 50.

The shaped correction and width determining signal Hc, at the output of amplifier 50, is coupled to a pincushion power amplifier 60, comprising a pair of transistors, Q1 and Q2, connected in a Darlington configuration. Power amplifier 60, is coupled to a diode modulator 65, which operates in a well known manner. Diode modulator 65, is coupled, as is well known, to an output of deflection amplifier 70, and generates a corrective current I1cor. The corrective current provides pincushion, trapezium and S shaped correction of the horizontal deflection signal together with control of deflection width in all three display tubes. Deflection amplifier 70, also comprises a horizontal oscillator which is synchronized by separated horizontal sync pulses H, generated from the video display signal by separator 20. A horizontal retrace pulse HRT, is generated by a winding of a horizontal output transformer, which is not shown, and coupled to waveform generators 10 and 30.

FIG. 1 shows three cathode ray tubes 100, 200, 300, mechanically arranged to project individual colored rasters to form a single raster on a screen 500. Each CRT displays an essentially monochromatic color raster appropriate to the color signal coupled thereto. The center CRT 200, for example, displaying a green raster, may be positioned such that the raster center is orthogonal to the screen 500. The two other tubes are symmetrically displaced from the center tube position and consequently no part of their raster is projected orthoganally onto the screen. Thus, in the highly simplified arrangement of FIG. 1, the outer displayed rasters will suffer a trapezoidal geometrical distortion in addition to other geometrical distortions resulting from electron beam scanning. The cathode ray tubes shown in FIG. 1 have a curved, concave spherical phosphor display surface. Curved face plate cathode ray tubes are manufactured, for example, by MATSUSHITA, as type P16LET07(RJA) red channel, P16LET07(HKA) green channel, P16LET07(BMB) blue channel. The image formed on the concave spherical phosphor surface may be considered similar to an image projected onto the surface of a sphere. The complexity of geometrical correction may be appreciated if the consequences resulting from a shift adjustment is considered. Such horizontal, or vertical, movement will cause the image corners to move at a different rate to that of the edge centers, i.e. a shift adjustment may result in a combination of pincushion and trapezium distortion of the display. Thus, since the projected image is composed of three rasters in register on the screen, a combination of corrective deflection waveforms is required to compensate for the combined display distortions resulting from electron beam deflection, tube face plate shape and optical display path.

In FIG. 1 each cathode ray tube is depicted with four coils, for example, the red CRT 100 shows a horizontal deflection coil RH, a vertical deflection coil RV and auxiliary deflection coils RVC and RHC. The auxiliary deflection coils provide vertical and horizontal deflection correction respectively. The green and blue display tube coil sets are the same as those of the red CRT. The functions depicted within element 500 of FIG. 1, may be considered to provide horizontal deflection correction additional to that produced by the main horizontal deflection circuitry.

The vertical auxiliary deflection coils are driven with suitable corrective signals which are not shown. Each horizontal auxiliary deflection coil is driven by an auxiliary deflection amplifier, for example, the red auxiliary coil RHC is coupled to amplifier 110, and similarly amplifier 210 is coupled to the green auxiliary coil GHC, and amplifier 310 is coupled to the blue auxiliary coil BHC. The red, green and blue auxiliary horizontal deflection amplifiers generate corrective currents I2corR, I2corG and I2corB in horizontal auxiliary deflection coils RHC, GHC and BHC respectively.

The red and blue auxiliary horizontal deflection amplifiers, 110 and 310, are illustrated in simplified form showing only three separately controlled correction signal inputs, namely left linearity L1, left pincushion Lp, and left trapezium Lt. In reality the red and blue auxiliary deflection amplifiers each have approximately eight different corrective signals which are controllably summed by the amplifiers. The green auxiliary deflection amplifier 210, is shown with two corrective signal inputs, left pincushion Lp and left trapezium Lt. The green amplifier has fewer corrective input signals than red and blue since the green CRT raster or image is used as the reference to which the red and blue rasters or projected images are matched or converged.

Various forms of raster distortion are illustrated in FIG. 2. Horizontal pincushion or East West distortion is shown in FIG. 2 (A). FIG. 2 (B) illustrates trapezium or keystone geometrical distortion. In FIG. 2 (C) the horizontal line lengths are shown to vary at vertical rate in the form of an S or vertical rate sine function. A corrected display raster is shown in FIG. 2 (D).

The correction signals left linearity L1, left pincushion Lp and left trapezium Lt are generated by a pulse and waveform generator 30. FIG. 2 (E) depicts one horizontal interval of a horizontal deflection trapezium correction signal. The generation of such a signal is well known, for example the signal may be produced by multiplication or modulation of a horizontal rate sawtooth by a vertical rate sawtooth, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The correction of one raster edge, for example the left edge, may be achieved by generating a signal as depicted in FIG. 2 (F), where the modulated signal is present for only part of a horizontal period. In FIG. 2 (F) a left horizontal deflection trapezium correction signal is shown, however, the waveform may be generated or truncated to provide correction at either edge. Furthermore there is no requirement that the waveform start or stop at exactly the center of horizontal trace time as depicted. Methods for generating such left or right corrective waveforms are well known, for example U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,674 teaches the generation of various truncated waveforms.

A method of corrective signal generation is shown in FIG. 3 where a modulator, for example, integrated circuit type AN 614, is supplied with horizontal and vertical rate sawtooth shaped signals. The output signal from the integrated circuit is a modulated product which is coupled to a base terminal of transistor Q1, which is connected as an emitter follower. The emitter terminal of transistor Q1 is connected to ground via a resistor R1, and the collector terminal is connected to a positive 12 volt power supply. A horizontal trapezium correction signal E, is output at the emitter of transistor Q1. The emitter of transistor Q1 is also coupled via a resistor R4 to a base terminal of an emitter follower transistor Q3. The emitter terminal of transistor Q3 is connected to ground via a resistor R6. The collector terminal of transistor Q3 is connected to the positive power supply. The base of transistor Q3 is also connected to a capacitor C2 which is connected to a collector terminal of a transistor Q2. The emitter terminal of transistor Q2 is connected to ground. The base terminal of transistor Q2 is connected to a potential divider formed by resistors R2 and R3 which produce a DC voltage of approximately 0.6 volt. Resistor R3 is connected to ground and resistor R2 is connected to the positive power supply. A horizontal rate sawtooth shaped signal is AC coupled, via a capacitor C1, to the junction of resistors R2, R3 and the base of transistor Q2. Transistor Q2 operates as an electronic switch which is responsive to the AC coupled signal. As depicted in FIG. 3, the AC coupled signal initially overcomes the positive DC bias potential generated by resistors R2 and R3 and turns off transistor Q2. With transistor Q2 turned off the modulated correction signal at the emitter of transistor Q1 is coupled via emitter follower transistor Q3, to generate a corrective output signal F. When the AC coupled horizontal rate sawtooth shaped signal swings positively, transistor Q2 turns on, conducting the signal at the base of transistor Q3 to ground. Thus the corrective signal shown in FIG. 2 (F) is generated. The horizontal duration of the correction signal F may be changed by variation of the DC potential generated by resistors R2 and R3. Similarly, a change in the horizontal sawtooth signal amplitude will cause the switching point to change and thus change the duration of the edge correction signal F.

A pincushion corrective signal is depicted in FIG. 2 (G, H, I) where FIG. 2 (G) shows a modulated parabolic shape when observed at a vertical rate. FIG. 2 (H) depicts the same corrective signal but observed at a horizontal rate, showing amplitude modulation of horizontal rate ramps. In FIG. 2 (I) the amplitude modulated horizontal rate ramps are generated during a first part of a horizontal interval. The corrective signal shown in FIG. 2 (I) may also be generated in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 3.

An alternative transistor switching method may be implemented, with circuitry similar to that described above, where a signal is generated which provides correction at a right raster edge. In a further method, the modulated corrective signal may be coupled via an analog switch which is controlled responsive to a horizontal rate switching signal.

FIG. 4 is an electronic schematic drawing showing the main horizontal deflection correction circuitry which includes waveform generator 10, advantageous summing amplifier 50, pincushion amplifier 60 and diode modulator 65.

A 26 volt supply is decoupled by a capacitor C1 and applied via a resistor R6 to a cathode of a zener diode D1 and diode D2 which are connected in series to ground. Diode D2 is forward biased by the zener current of diode D1 to provide temperature compensation. Diode D1 has an 18 volt break down potential, and is decoupled to ground by a capacitor C2.

The vertical deflection current sample Is, a sawtooth shaped signal, is applied via an input resistor R1 to an inverting input of a function generating integrated circuit U1, for example type TDA8146. Integrated circuit U1, also contains pulse width modulating circuitry which if required, may be used to generate a switching drive signal for the modulator. The 26 volt supply is coupled to U1 pin 8, via a resistor R11. An internal voltage reference and starting circuit is biased by a resistor R5, connected from U1 pin 5 to ground. An unused horizontal retrace pulse input at U1 pin 10 is connected to ground by a resistor R9. An unused internal zener clipping diode, at U1 pin 9, is connected to ground by a resistor R10. A capacitor C4 is connected between U1 pin 11 and ground and is required for generation of a horizontal rate sawtooth shaped signal in conjunction with the internal pulse width modulator.

The function generating circuitry within integrated circuit U1 includes an amplifier with a non-linear characteristic which generates a parabolic shaped signal from the sawtooth shaped input signal Is. Resistor R1 is also connected to one end of a potentiometer R2 TRAP, the other end of which is connected to a non-inverting input of IC U1. The wiper of the potentiometer R2 is coupled via a resistor R3 to the 18 volt DC potential generated by a zener diode D1. Varying the wiper position of potentiometer R2 introduces a differential bias current into the amplifier inputs which results in the output parabolic shaped signal being tilted or effectively superimposed on a vertical rate sawtooth shaped ramp. Thus potentiometer R2 TRAP, provides control of trapezoidal shaped correction. The non-inverting input of IC U1 is also connected to ground via a resistor R4.

The parabola generator output at pin 12 of U1, is connected to a potential divider formed by resistors R7 and R8. Resistor R7 is connected the 18 volt supply, and resistor R8 is connected to ground. The potential divider sets the output terminal to approximately 8.5 volts DC. The parabolic correction signal output is AC coupled by a capacitor C3 which couples the signal to a variable resistor R12 PIN, which provides control of the correction signal amplitude. Variable resistor R12 is connected to an inverting input of an integrated circuit amplifier 50, for example type LM 741.

Integrated circuit amplifier 50 is connected as a summing amplifier with advantageous frequency sensitive negative feedback coupled from the output terminal to the inverting input. The frequency sensitive feedback results from a parallel combination of a resistor R16 and a capacitor Cs. Summing amplifier 50 has a low frequency gain determined by the setting of resistor R12 PIN. The AC gain is determined largely by feedback capacitor Cs, which is selected to reduce the AC gain above approximately 60 Hz, reaching a reduction of approximately 26 dB at 10 KHz. The result of frequency response shaping by feedback capacitor Cs may be considered intuitively. The raster distortion depicted in FIG. 2 (C) shows at vertical rate, a nominally sinusoidal horizontal line length error, where the length errors are zero at the raster top, center and bottom. Hence, to provide raster edge straightening, a nominally sinusoidal correction signal is required with the signal producing zero correction at the raster top, center and bottom. The nominally parabolic correction signal input to summing amplifier 50, may be considered to be comprised of a fundamental vertical frequency component plus multiple harmonic frequency components. Thus, since the desired correction signal is nominally sinusoidal at the vertical frequency, enhancement of the parabolic signal fundamental component amplitude will produce the desired correction. The parabolic signal fundamental component amplitude may be effectively increased by reducing the amplitude of the second and higher order harmonic frequency components. The frequency selective feedback distorts the nominally parabolic shape of the correction signal Hc to produce the required sinusoidal corrective component which is effectively superimposed upon the parabolic signal. However, the basic waveform shape remains essentially parabolic and is only nominally delayed by the frequency selective feedback. Hence the sinusoidal component is generally correctly positioned or phased, to achieve the require correction, having essentially zero corrective effect at the raster top, center and bottom. The attenuation of the higher order harmonic components results in a minor change to the parabolic cusp shape, which does not greatly impair the overall corrective effect of the composite correction signal.

The inverting input is coupled to the non-inverting input via a resistor R15. The non-inverting input is also coupled, via a resistor R14, to the wiper of potentiometer R13 WIDTH, which is coupled between the 18 volt supply and ground. Potentiometer R13 provides an adjustable width determining DC potential to the non-inverting input of summing amplifier 50. The output from amplifier 50 is an analog signal comprising the summation of the DC width potential, the vertical rate tilted parabolic signal and a vertical rate sinusoidal component due to capacitor Cs. Amplifier 50 is connected to the 26 volt DC supply by a resistor R17. The output terminal of amplifier 50 is connected to the junction of resistors R18 and R19, where resistor R18 is connected to ground. Resistor R19 couples the summed correction signal to a Darlington connected amplifier 60, comprising PNP transistors Q1 and Q2. The emitter of transistor Q1 is directly connected to the base of transistor Q2 and the collectors of both transistors are connected to ground. The emitter terminal of transistor Q2 is connected to a diode modulator 613 generates corrective current I1cor, which provides both static and dynamic control of horizontal deflection amplitude.

The development of a projection video display based upon a direct view chassis design has resulted in the application of deflection corrective signals to both the main and auxiliary deflection coils, and in addition has resulted the development of an edge straightening corrective signal. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A video display having display deflection correction comprising:a main deflection coil mounted on said cathode ray tube for raster generation; an auxiliary coil mounted on said cathode ray tube for raster correction; means for generating a first corrective signal coupled to said main deflection coil for generating a given correction at a first display edge; and means for generating a second corrective signal coupled to said auxiliary coil for generating said given correction at an edge opposite said first display edge.
 2. The video display of claim 1, wherein said first corrective signal comprises a vertical rate ramp shaped signal for trapezoidal correction at said first display edge.
 3. The video display of claim 2, wherein said first corrective signal further comprises a vertical rate parabolically shaped signal for pincushion correction at said first display edge.
 4. The video display of claim 1, wherein said second corrective signal comprises a vertical rate parabolically shaped signal for pincushion correction at said opposite edge.
 5. A video display having deflection waveform correction comprising:a cathode ray tube; a main deflection coil mounted on said cathode ray tube for raster generation; an auxiliary coil mounted on said cathode ray tube for raster correction; a first corrective signal generator coupled to said main deflection coil for generating a given corrective signal having a duration of a horizontal trace period; and a second corrective signal generator coupled to said auxiliary coil for generating said given corrective signal, said given corrective signal being truncated and having a duration of only part of said horizontal trace period.
 6. The video display of claim 5, wherein said first and said second corrective signal generators commence concurrently.
 7. The video display of claim 5, wherein said first and said second corrective signal generators commence non-concurrently.
 8. The video display of claim 5, wherein said given corrective signal comprises a parabolically shaped signal.
 9. The video display of claim 5, wherein said given corrective signal comprises a ramp shaped signal.
 10. The video display of claim 8, wherein said given corrective signal additionally comprises a ramp shaped signal.
 11. The video display of claim 8, wherein said given corrective signal additionally comprises a sine wave shaped signal.
 12. A video projection display having distortion correction of a projected raster comprising:a plurality of cathode ray tubes; a main deflection coil mounted on each one of said plurality of cathode ray tubes for raster generation; a given corrective signal coupled to each one of said main deflection coils for generating a like corrective current in each of said main deflection coils; an auxiliary coil mounted on each one of said plurality of cathode ray tubes for raster correction; and, means for generating in each of said auxiliary deflection coils a truncated corrective current having an amplitude which differs from the truncated corrective current in the other auxiliary deflection coils.
 13. The video projection display of claim 12, wherein said given corrective signal has a duration substantially that of a trace interval.
 14. The video projection display of claim 12, wherein said truncated corrective current has a duration of less than said trace interval.
 15. The video projection display of claim 12, wherein said truncated corrective current is generated over part of said raster.
 16. The video projection display of claim 12, wherein said like corrective current is generated in said deflection coils for said trace duration.
 17. The video projection display of claim 12, wherein said means for generating further comprises means for generating a truncated corrective signal coupled to a plurality of controls for separately regulating an amplitude of said truncated corrective signal, each of said controls being coupled to a different one of said auxiliary deflection coils for generating therein said truncated corrective current.
 18. A video display having deflection waveform correction comprising:a cathode ray tube; a first coil mounted on said cathode ray tube for main deflection and correction of raster edge straightness responsive to a first corrective current generated therein; a second coil mounted on said cathode ray tube for correction of said raster edge straightness responsive to a second corrective current generated therein; means for generating said first corrective current having a corrective effect on opposite raster edges; and means for generating said second corrective current having a corrective effect on only one of said opposite raster edges.
 19. A video display having raster distortion correction comprising:a cathode ray tube; a first coil mounted on said cathode ray tube and generating a first field for main deflection and correction of a given raster distortion; and, a second coil mounted on said cathode ray tube and generating a second field which cooperates with said first field for further correction of said given raster distortion.
 20. The video display of claim 19, wherein said first field corrects said given raster distortion at two parts of said raster and said second field corrects said given distortion at only one of said two parts.
 21. The video display of claim 19, wherein said first field corrects said given raster distortion at opposite edges of said raster and said second field corrects said given distortion at only one of said edges. 